Fudan Microbiome Center (FMC) successfully hosted the 10th Annual Symposium on the Human Gut Microbiome in Health and Disease in collaboration with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, the Shanghai Institute of Immunology and Infection, and Bioon. The event took place in Shanghai on December 20–21, 2024. Drs. Hao Wu, Wei Wang, Na Jiao, and Xiaofei Yu were invited to deliver oral presentations, highlighting advancements in diet-microbiota interactions, bacteria-labeling technologies, omics data integration, and gut bacteria-host immunology, respectively.